In the case of Kotov v. Russia the Court held that there had been several violations of the Convention.

The case concerned the convictions under administrative and criminal law of the applicant for public protests and for encouraging others online to attend such events, for which he had received a prison sentence.

The Court found that the punishment under criminal law given to the applicant had been entirely disproportionate, and that he had been punished for actions, such as chanting anti- Government slogans, which were protected under the Convention.

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